I am going to drop down things that i did for my business/visit trip to Japan, for whoever is interested and for my own future reference. I was told i was only 3 years old when i was last there. So i'm basically a newbie.
Get your visa, if needed
I'm a Malaysian citizen. And because of that, i usually go through quite a bit of pain just to travel abroad. Check on the Embassy of Japan's web site to find out if your country is included in the visa exemption list. If not you'll need to get some documents together and apply for a visa. Once you have all the required documents (found in embassy's website), applying is simple and fast (pretty much the most efficient visa application i have ever done).
Get your travel insurance, seriously
Get yourself a worldwide travel insurance, especially if you travel heaps. I got mine for about SGD 150 [convert] per year through Citibank. Some credit cards already give you travel coverage as long as you buy your ticket with the said credit card, but best to check with your bank first. This gives you a peace of mind while you travel, and it should cover flight delays/cancellations, lost/delayed baggages, hotel bookings and what not.
Get some Japanese ¥
Japan is still a cash heavy country, at least for what a tourist wants to do. Head over to XE to check out the latest exchange rates. Always have some cash with you (ramen is about 800-1000yen, drinks about 100-150yen, beer is about 800yen. Do some rough calculations yourself.). I find that i use a lot of cash buying food, drinks and entry fees to temples. ATMs do work with your Plus+ cards and what not, but not all of them. You might have to ask around to find an ATM that actually works for you (possibly an ATM in a post office).
Get a JR Rail Pass
This is an all-you-can-travel rail pass available only to foreigners. These passes, if not mistaken, can be for 7 days, 14 days or 30 days, AND, it is only valid for the JR line (one of the many companies running the rail way). I bought my 7 days pass for SGD 445 [convert]. So, i guess you have to decide if you really need this. If you are just going to be travelling around Tokyo, maybe you don't need it. If you are travelling further, like Tokyo to Kyoto, then absolutely. A one way trip to Kyoto, from what i heard cost about SGD 150-180 [convert]. You are unlikely to take taxis in Tokyo because it cost an arm and a leg, so stick to the rail line as best as you can. You can pretty much get to everywhere (at least the important spots) using the JR line (a good pdf map can be downloaded here). You can also get a SUICA prepaid card to make it easier to get on and off the trains. You should be able to get it from the train station itself. Putting more credits into your card should be straight forward. If all else fails, follow what the locals do. That always works. If you do get the JR Rail Pass (from certain travel agents / Embassy of Japan (??)), once you arrive in Japan, you will have to swap/redeem your pass from the booth (i think they only open at 1pm for the booth in Narita Airport). You will get more information on this when you buy your JR Rail Pass in your country. If you find that it is a mistake to get the JR Rail Pass, don't redeem it in Japan. When you get home, you can get a refund but with a 10% penalty.
Sidenote: JR Rail Pass allows you to take all Kodama and Hikari except Nozomi (abit like premium rides) trains. Look at the JR rail timetable shot above. Kodama is in yellow, Hikari in pink and Nozomi in blue. The timetable is not hard to read, and it shows in english as well.
From what my friend is telling me, the railway closes at around 12:30am (i think it varies where you are taking the train) and starts as early as 4:30a.m. Plan you night properly or you'll have to fork out about 20% surcharge (i was told) on taxi rides past midnight.
Book your stays
If you know exactly when you will be there, book your stays early. And if you are travelling on a lower budget, do it even earlier. I went through Agoda to book all my stays (besides the hotel i stayed in for business meeting). I was in Tokyo for 4 nights and 2 nights in Kyoto. While in Tokyo for work, i stayed in The Westin Tokyo (map) in Ebisu. Unless you have money to burn, go for it, its an awesome hotel with Sapporo brewery right across the street and not too far off from Ebisu station on the JR line. My own budget was around SGD 100-150 [convert], knowing that staying in Tokyo is expensive. I went for the Akihabara Washington Hotel (map) for SGD 151 a night, for 2 nights. This hotel has just been renovated so everything is nice, modern and clean. The other good thing is, it is right next to the main Akihabara Station. I'm talking about walking across the street to the station. For the 2 nights in Kyoto, i chose Citadines Kyoto Karasuma Gojo Hotel (map) for about SGD 160 a night. Both are slightly over my budget but i guess i wanted to be more comfortable/convenient in my first trip.
If you are travelling on a lower budget, i have been recommended to go for K House Backpackers Hostel. As you can see they have multiple hostels across the country. I have been told they have good, cheap and clean rooms with friendly english speaking staffs. I was too late to book myself in because they were fully booked for single bedroom (I'm not comfortable sharing a room with a total stranger unfortunately) for both in Tokyo and Kyoto locations.
You might also want to check on the hotel's allowed check-in and check-out time. I almost screwed myself over by checking in at 12midnight when they don't really check people in after 10pm.
Read up!
Not sure about you, but i was pretty excited to see Japan. I looked up a lot recommended sightseeing spots and things to look out for when in Japan. I also had some pointers coming from both my sisters who have been to Japan. It is always good to have at least some ideas on what to do, where to go while in Japan. And it doesn't hurt to have Plan A, B and C. One of the better books that i bought is shown below.
This book is really good (in my opinion) for people who wants to do a self guided walking tour. the best thing about it is the mini map showing you the route to take. I find that it is pretty good at showing points of interest. One thing that might be lacking is a bit more road details in these mini maps. I tend to end up guessing half the time. But it is not too bad considering most of these places have alot of local maps all over the area, showing you exactly where you are and the surrounding area. If worse come to worst, ask a local. Japanese are the most friendly and polite people i've known, even when you don't speak the language.
iPad + iPhone apps to the rescue
Before you go crazy and buy everything you find in the app store, ask yourself: Will you have a roaming phone? If so, are you willing to pay for roaming GPRS cost? I'm going to guess 90% of the people are going to say no. So in that case, don't bother buying apps that will only work with network connectivity. Yes there are Wifi hotspots around, but you don't have that everywhere you go. The simplest thing you can do is download the maps + JR lines + routes in PDF format into your device. In iPad's case, the JR line pdf turns out pretty good. Have a go at checking out some of the good applications around (including simple japanese phrases).
I personally did not use any apps while i was (am still here actually) travelling in Japan, purely because i couldn't get an iPad in Japan (long story) and iOS 4, even without multitasking, runs like a dog on my iPhone 3G. I'm doing this trip just with physical maps and a book.
Alright that's about it. that should cover most of it. Might write another post on few places to check out in Japan later. I find it easier to decide whether a place is worth your time if you can watch a short video or some photos beforehand.
/bow
p.s. Summer in Tokyo is stinking hot.